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THE REALITY, NOW AND UNDERSTANDING

MERCURY.TXT

1 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this simulation is to show how two objects move around each other. This movement is studied under different conditions.

The following two body configurations are studied:

Mercury around the Sun
Earth (planets) around the Sun
Sun around a Sun (Binary star system)
Mercury around Mercury (Binary elliptical star system)
Sun in our Galaxy
Two Galaxy's around each other.
PSR 1913 + 16

The shape of the Sun (Oblateness)
The movement of the Sun through space.
The speed of gravity propagation
Initial conditions (Primarily for Earth)
The different planets are studied by means of "subtests"

2 DESCRIPTION

2.1 THE MOVEMENT OF THE SUN

The speed v.
The angle phi.

The speed v is the speed of the Sun relative to the other stars. The angle phi is the angle between the direction of the movement of the Sun and the long axis of the trajectory of Mercury.

3 THE MOVEMENT OF MERCURY AROUND THE SUN

For Mercury the basic movement is an ellipse.

3.1 TEST 1A

The purpose of this test is to demonstrate the movement of Mercury around the Sun for v = 0

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires:

Select test 1
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 6 delta time = 100 seconds
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 3 revolutions to select ESC.

The following are the results of this test:

   angle   revolutions   counts   time     distance    eccentricity   arcsec 
     0          1         75583    .2      69678616     .20563         -1.07
                2        151167    .5      69678616     .20563         -1.07
                3        226751    .7      69678616     .20563         -1.07
                4        302335   1.0      69678616     .20563         -1.07

Return to CHAPTER5.TXT

3.2 TEST 1B

The purpose of this test is to study the behaviour of Mercury when the shape of the Sun is not round.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE

Select test 1
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 6 delta time = 100 seconds; Set 17 Oblateness = .0034
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 2 revolutions to select ESC.

The results show that the forward angle is 48.797 arcsec in one century

Repeat the same test but now with Oblateness = .034

The results show that the forward angle is 497 arcsec in one century

Return to CHAPTER5.TXT

3.3 TEST 1C

The purpose of this test is to study the behaviour of the movement of the Earth when the Sun has a speed of v = 100 km/sec for four different values of phi : 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires four times:

Select test 1
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 6 delta time = 100 seconds
: Set 9 speed of the Sun (v) = 100 km/sec; Set 10 angle phi = 0, 90, 180 and 270; Set 18 initial condition = 0
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 2 revolutions to select ESC.

The following are the results for delta t of 100 seconds and v = 100 km/sec without modified initial conditions. Speed of gravity is 300000 km/second.

angle revolutions counts distance eccentricity arcsec 0 1 75643 69678614 .205018 -4715 2 151288 69678610 .205018 -4714

90 1 75557 69646637 .205514 3.83 2 151065 69614675 .205503 3.83

180 1 75522 69678616 .206241 4758 2 151045 69678614 .206240 4758

270 1 75608 69710611 .205745 5.0 2 151269 69742623 .205756 5.0

Counts is the number of simulation cycles in one revolution i.e. when Mercury is at aphelion (furthest distance from Sun).
Distance is the distance between Mercury and Sun at end of one revolution. Eccentricity is eccentricity of trajectory of Mercury.
Arcsec is forward angle of major axis of trajectory of Mercury in one century.

Return to CHAPTER5.TXT

3.4 TEST 1D

The purpose of this test is to study the behaviour of the movement of the Earth when :

the Sun has a speed of v = 100 km/sec

for four different values of phi : 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees.

with modified initial conditions (exactly like 4.3 test 2c)

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires four times:

Select test 1
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 6 delta time = 100 seconds; Set 9 speed of the Sun (v) = 100 km/sec; Set 10 angle phi = 0, 90, 180 and 270; Set 18 initial condition = 1
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 2 revolutions to select ESC.

The following are the results for delta t of 100 seconds and v = 100 km/sec using the modified initial conditions.

angle revolutions counts distance eccentricity arcsec 0 1 75581 69655388 .205283 -4725 2 151163 69655384 .205283 -4725

90 1 75534 69646659 .205514 11.69 2 151042 69614697 .205503 11.60

180 1 75585 69701842 .205976 4748 2 151171 69701841 .205976 4748

270 1 75631 69710627 .205745 12.68 2 151292 69742639 .205757 12.67

The following are the results for delta t of 100 seconds and v = 19.7 km/sec using the modified initial conditions.

angle revolutions counts distance eccentricity arcsec 0 1 75582 69674040 .205561 -933 2 151166 69674040 .205561 -933

90 1 75573 69672316 .205607 -.674 2 151142 69666016 .205605 -.675

180 1 75583 69683192 .205698 932 2 151167 69683192 .205698 932

270 1 75592 69684918 .205652 -.447 2 151191 69691220 .205654 -.448

From the above we can see that the forward movement of the of the major axis of the trajectory of Mercury is the greatest for phi = 180 degrees i.e. when the Sun moves away from Mercury.
The smallest for phi = 0 degrees i.e. when the Sun moves towards Mercury. The forward movement increases linear with the speed.

The results of the simulations also show that for phi = 90 the distance between Mercury and the Sun after each revolution decreases (the most) For phi = 270 degrees the distance increases. This change in distance also increases linear with the speed.

The results are also displayed as a figure.

Select test 12 Subtest 1; Select test 12 Subtest 2
From the Figure Selection Display:: Select figure 1 for v = 100 and; Select figure 2 for v = 19.7

Return to CHAPTER5.TXT

3.5 TEST 1E

The purpose of this test is to study the behaviour of the movement of the forward angle of the planet Mercury for one complete revolution i.e. in many centuries. Speed of gravity propagation is 300000 km/sec

The speed of the Sun is 19.7 km/second in relation to the other stars. See CW Allen, Astrophysical Quantities, Athlone Press, 1976.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE

Select test 1
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 5 c (Speed of gravity propagation) = 300000; Set 6 delta time = 400 seconds (and 100); Set 16 Virtual Planet Condition = 3
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)

The results are presented in figures

From the Test Selection Display

Select test 12 Subtest 5 From Figure Selection Display

Select 5.

Figure 5 shows that the forward angle describes an "ellipse" on the right side of the Sun.
The problem with this simulation is that only for a very small period the forward angle is approximate equal to 574 degrees (and may be never).
This time is 0.9 years at two instances.
Time of one complete revolution is 14552.8 years

Return to CHAPTER5.TXT

3.6 TEST 1F

The speed of the Sun is 19.7 km/second in relation to the other stars.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires:

Select test 1
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 5 c (Speed of gravity propagation) = 6000000; Set 6 delta time = 400 seconds (and 100); Set 16 Virtual Planet Condition = 3
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)

The results are presented in figures

Select test 12 Subtest 7
From Figure Selection Display: Select 7

Figure 7 shows that the forward angle describes a "circle" which stays to the right of the Sun. The forward angle is displayed at the top right corner. Time of one complete revolution is 123757 years. Time that the forward angle is 574 is 475.5 years

Return to CHAPTER5.TXT

3.7 TEST 1G

The purpose of this test is to study the behaviour of the movement of the forward angle of the planet Mercury for one complete revolution in our Galaxy i.e. in many centuries. Speed of gravity propagation is 12000000 km/sec

The speed of the Sun is 19.7 km/second in relation to the other stars.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires:

Select test 1
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 5 c (Speed of gravity propagation) = 12000000; Set 6 delta time = 400 seconds; Set 16 Virtual Planet Condition = 3
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)

The results are presented in six figures: 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15

The present initial distance from Mercury to the Sun, when Mercury is at aphelion is 69600000 km. In figure 9 the initial distance is 73100000 km. In figure 11 the initial distance is 87000000 km. In figure 12 the initial distance is 89100000 km. In figure 13 the initial distance is 90000000 km. In figure 14 the initial distance is 90500000 km. In figure 15 the initial distance is 94000000 km.

Because the initial distance is larger the influence caused by the planets on the forward movement of Mercury will increase. In figure 15 the most

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE

Select test 12 Subtest 9
From Figure Selection Display: Select Figure 9

Figure 9 shows that the forward angle describes a "circle" which stays to the right side of the Sun. Time of one revolution is 191967 years Time that the forward angle is 574 is 138.76 years

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE

Select test 12 Subtest 11
From Figure Selection Display: Select Figure 11

Figure 11 is almost identical as figure 9. Time that the forward angle is 574 is 68.69 years. Time of one revolution is 244444 years.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE

Select test 12 Subtest 12
From Figure Selection Display: Select Figure 12

Figure 12 is also like figure 11 and 9. Time that the forward angle is 574 is 69.59 years. Time of one revolution is 291903 years.
This trajectory is highly remarkably because the aphelion stays to the right side of the Sun. No collision with the Sun takes place. See Note (1) below.

Select test 12 Subtest 13
From Figure Selection Display: Select Figure 13

Figure 13 is also like figure 12 but highly pronounced. Time that the forward angle is 574 is 73.06 years. Time of one revolution is 349900.8 years.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE

Select test 12 Subtest 14
From Figure Selection Display: Select Figure 14

Figure 14 shows that the forward angle describes a complete circle around the Sun. Time of one revolution = 305765.6 years. Time that the forward angle is 574 is 75.33 years

Select test 12 Subtest 15
From Figure Selection Display: Select Figure 15

Figure 15 shows (when completed) that the forward angle describes a complete circle around the Sun. This figure is almost identical as figure 13. Time that the forward angle is 574 is 109.81 years Time of one revolution = 150365.4 years

It is also possible to see all the pictures in one frame. Repeat the last test i.e. subtest 15 When the picture is completed enter 5 then 7 then 9 then 11 then 12 then 13 and finally 14.

Note (1) The original text was:
The expectation is that Mercury in this configuration will collide with the Sun. Most probably this will happen at 21 July 1994.

Return to CHAPTER5.TXT

4 THE MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH AROUND THE SUN

The movement of the Earth around the Sun is a circle i.e. eccentricity is 0.
The movement of the planets is also studied.

4.1 TEST 2A

The purpose of this test is to demonstrate the movement of the Earth around the Sun for v = 0

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires:

Select test 2
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 6 delta time = 400 seconds
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 3 revolutions to select ESC.

The following are the results of this test:

                               delta t = 400 sec          delta t = 100 sec

      angle   revolutions   counts        distance      counts      distance
        0          1         78695       149600000      314775     149600001
                   2        157388       149600001      629549     149600002
                   3        236082       149600002      944323     149600003

= 78695 * 400 / (24*60*60) days = 364 days
That the distance between the Sun and the Earth is constant.

The following results for the Earth are observed if different values for gravity propagation are considered:

If the speed of c = 3000 km/sec the folling values for distance are observed:
(delta t = 100 sec)

        149600111       149600222       149600334

If the speed of c = 30000 km/sec the folling values for distance are observed:

        149600010       149600021       149600032

4.1.1 TEST 2A VENUS

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This Venus test requires:

Select test 2 Subtest 1

For the planet Venus c = 300000 km/sec (v=35) the values are the following:

        107999999       108000000       108000001       108000002

4.1.2 TEST 2A MARS

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This Mars test requires:

Select test 2 Subtest 2

For the planet Mars c = 300000 km/sec (v=24) the values are the following:

        227999999       228000000       228000000       228000000

4.1.3 TEST 2A JUPITER

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This Jupiter test requires:

From the Test Selection Display

Select test 2 Subtest 3

For the planet Jupiter c = 300000 km/sec the values are the following:

        778299999       778300809       778301618       778302427

For the planet Jupiter c = 30000000 km/sec the values are the following:

        778300000       778300007       778300016       778300024

How faster the speed of gravity propagation, the more stable the revolutions are. (lineair relation)

4.1.4 TEST 2A SATURN

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This Saturn test requires:

From the Test Selection Display

Select test 2 Subtest 4

For the planet Saturn c = 300000 km/sec (v=9) the values are the following:

       1429999999      1430000329      1430000659      1400000988

4.1.5 TEST 2A URANUS

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This Uranus test requires:

From the Test Selection Display

Select test 2 Subtest 5

For the planet Uranus c = 300000 km/sec (v=6) the values are the following:

       2874999999      2875000072      2875000143      2875000214

Observing the above results indicates that Jupiter is the most "unstable"

4.1.6 MATHEMATICS

The previous results can be mathematical described accordingly to the following rules.

dRe is the increase per year of the Earth = 1.11
dRpl is the increase for a planet.
Me = mass of Earth
Mpl = mass of planet
Re is the distance of Earth Sun
Ppl is the distance of Planet Sun

The increase per revolution of a planet dRpl = dRe * (Mpl/Me)* SQR (Rpl/Re)
The revolution time for a planet = SQR (Rpl/Re)^3
Increase of a planet dRPl per year = dRe * (Mpl/Me)*(Re/Rpl)

planet	mass	distance AU	rev time	dRpl/rev	dRpl/year
Mercury	0.06	0.39	0,244	0,041	0,17
Venus	0,82	0.72	0,611	0,772	1,264
Earth	1	1	1	1	1
Mars	0,11	1.52	1,874	0,15	0,08
Jupiter	317.89	5.2	11.857	804,63	67,857
Saturn	95,15	9.54	29,466	326,216	11,07
Uranus	14,54	19.18	83,399	70,682	0,841
Neptune	17.23	30.06	164,81	104,858	0,636

In the book: "Problem book in relativity and gravitation" by Alan P Lightman e.a. ISBN 0-691-08162-X at page 350 in the solution 12.4 the follwing equations are used, with v+ = speed of Earth and M0 is the mass of the Sun.

(1) angle theta = v+/c
(2) t-t0 = c/4GM0 * (r�-r0�)

Next is written: In particular, the earth's orbit has r=1.5 *10^8 km, v+=30km/sec, the radius of the sun is r0=7*10^5 km so Theta = 10^-4 and t-t0 = 1.3*10^10 sec = 400 years.

The problem with equation 2 is that the stability is a function of the mass of the sun while in the simulation it is a function of the mass of the planet.

It is assumed that v0 = speed of Sun and M+ is the mass of Earth.
Accordingly to the text the Earth energy increase is a function of v+*Theta = v+*v+/c.
IMO this should not be the theta defined by the speed of the Earth but the theta defined by the speed of the Sun. As such the Earth energy increase is a function of v+*v0/c, which is a much smaller value.
And because v0 is a function of M+, this explains the dependency of the mass of the planet.
I expect equation 2 has to be rewritten as: t-t0 = c/4G*SQR(M0*M+) * (r�-r0�)

This leaves the major problem: Is the "instability" of jupiter acceptable and accordingly to observations.

Return to CHAPTER4.TXT

4.2 TEST 2B

The purpose of this test is to study the behaviour of the movement of the Earth when the Sun has a speed of v = 100 km/sec for four different values of phi : 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees.

Consider the following drawing

. B . . . . .

C S A

. . . . . D .

The earth moves, starting from A, via B, through C and D back to A. This is one revolution

There are four basic initial arrangements possible:

S moves towards A : Phi = 0
S moves towards B : Phi = 90
S moves towards C : Phi = 180
S moves towards D : Phi = 270

What we want to study if it makes any difference if you start your simulation from the points A, B, C, or D. Their should not be any difference because what you are simulating is the same physical system i.e. the Earth around the Sun

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires four times:

Select test 2
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 6 delta time = 400 seconds; Set 9 speed of the Sun (v) = 100 km/sec; Set 10 angle phi = 0, 90, 180 and 270; Set 18 initial condition = 0
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 2 revolutions to select ESC.

The following are the results of this test:

delta t = 400 sec delta t = 100 sec

angle phi revolutions counts distance counts distance 0 1 78774 149599987 315090 149599997 2 157546 149599976 630179 149599995

90 1 78691 149600002 314759 149600001 2 157384 149600003 629533 149600001

180 1 78616 149600013 314461 149600004 2 157231 149600026 628920 149600008

270 1 78699 149599998 314792 149600000 2 157393 149599999 629566 149600001

The results of the test shows:

That the duration in counts of the first revolution for different values of phi is quite different
That the distance between the Sun and the Earth after one revolution is slightly different.

The fact that the distance is not identical is a matter of accuracy. For phi = 0 both the distance for delta time is 400 seconds and delta time is 100 seconds are shown. The last two values are almost identical i.e. they should become identical for delta time is even smaller.

For phi = 90 and phi = 270 the duration in counts is almost identical as for the case when v = 0
For phi = 0 the duration is larger
For phi = 180 the duration is smaller.

The fact that the duration in counts is different is wrong because this is a simulation of the same physical system. The duration should be identical.

Return to CHAPTER4.TXT

4.3 TEST 2C

The purpose of this test is to study the behaviour of the movement of the Earth when:

the Sun has a speed of v = 100 km/sec

for four different values of phi : 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees.

the initial conditions are modified.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires four times:

Select test 2
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 6 delta time = 400 seconds; Set 9 speed of the Sun (v) = 100 km/sec; Set 10 angle phi = 0, 90, 180 and 270; Set 18 initial condition = 1
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 2 revolutions to select ESC.

In order to make the simulations identical the initial conditions are modified:
for phi is 0 the distance between Sun and Earth is made smaller. for phi is 180 the distance between Sun and Earth is made larger. The amount in both cases is the same and equal to:

        v * distance    100 * 149600000
        ------------  = --------------- = 49866.6 km
             c             300000

The following are the results of this test:

delta t = 400 sec delta t = 100 sec

angle revolutions counts distance counts distance 0 1 78695 149550121 314775 149550131 2 157388 149550110 629549 149550129

90 1 78695 149600002 314775 149600008 2 157388 149600005 629549 149600009

180 1 78695 149649879 314775 149649870 2 157388 149649893 629549 149649875 270 1 78695 149600014 314775 149600010 2 157388 149600014 629549 149600011

The results of the test shown that with modified initial conditions the time of one revolution becomes identical and independent of phi i.e. initial condition.

angle revolutions v delta t distance 90 1 0 10 149600001 90 20 0 10 149600021 90 1 50 10 149600003 90 20 50 10 149600023 90 1 100 10 149600009 90 20 100 10 149600045

90 1 200 10 149600032 90 11 200 10 149600044 90 21 200 10 149600043 90 31 200 10 149800079

For phi = 90 the results show that distance increases approximate with 1 km each revolution and is independent of the base speed v.

Return to CHAPTER4.TXT

5 SUN AROUND SUN (BINARY STAR)

5.1 TEST 3

The following are the results for delta t of 400 seconds and v = 0 km/sec using the unmodified initial conditions.

      angle   revolutions   counts        distance    
        0          1        102284        224562083    
                   2        204676        224724226
                   3        307179        224886427

The following are the results for delta t of 400 seconds and v = 100 km/sec using the unmodified initial conditions.

angle revolutions counts distance 0 1 102284 224562083 2 204676 224724226

90 1 102278 224562085 2 204671 224724228

180 1 102284 224562083 2 204676 224724226

270 1 102289 224562081 2 204681 224724224

The following are the results for delta t of 400 seconds and v = 100 km/sec using the modified initial conditions.

angle revolutions counts distance 0 1 102282 224487296 2 204671 224649453

90 1 102284 224562084 2 204676 224724228

180 1 102386 224636869 2 204881 224798999

270 1 102284 224562107 2 204676 224724249

6 MERCURY AROUND MERCURY (ELLIPTICAL STAR SYSTEM)

6.1 TEST 4

The following are the results for delta t of 400 seconds and v = 0 km/sec using the unmodified initial conditions.

      angle   revolutions   counts        distance    eccentricity   arcsec 
        0          1         55682       180591296     .206253        -12.9
                   2        111442       180765083     .206300        -12.89
                   3        167280       180938962     .206346        -12.87
                   4        223195       181112932     .206392        -12.85

The following are the results for delta t of 400 seconds and v = 100 km/sec using the unmodified initial conditions.

      angle   revolutions   counts        distance    eccentricity   arcsec 
        0          1         55682       180591296     .206253         -7.69
                   2        111442       180765083     .206300         -7.68
       90          1         55682       180591296     .206253        -18.123
                   2        111442       180765083     .206300        -18.102
      180          1         55682       180591296     .206253         -7.697
                   2        111442       180765083     .206300         -7.68
      270          1         55682       180591296     .206253        -18.122
                   2        111442       180765083     .206300        -18.102

This demonstration shows that the distance linear increases after each revolution and is independent of the direction of the movement.

7 THE MOVEMENT OF THE SUN IN OUR GALAXY

7.1 TEST 5

The purpose of this test is to show the behaviour of the Sun in our Galaxy assuming that all the mass of is concentrated in one point. Mass of galaxy Mg is 1.1 10E11 times the mass of our Sun = 2.2 10E41 kg

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires:

Select test 5
From the Parameter Selection Display: No changes are required.
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 1 revolution to select ESC.

The result of the test is that the revolution time is 189 million years. v of Sun is 249 km/sec

Return to CHAPTER4.TXT

8 THE MOVEMENT OF TWO GALAXY'S AROUND EACH OTHER

8.1 TEST 6

The purpose of this test is to show the behaviour of how two galaxy's which equal mass move around each other. Distance between the two galaxies is like the distance between our galaxy and the Andromeda (M31) galaxy of 2.25 million light years.

The mass used of each galaxy is twice the mass of the previous test or 2 times Mg = 4.4 10^41 kg.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires:

Select test 6
From the Parameter Selection Display: No changes are required.
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 1 revolution to select ESC.

The result of the test is that the revolution time is 80769 million years. v of Galaxy is 26 km/sec.

For a mass of 10 times Mg the revolution time is 36158 million years v of Galaxy is 58 km/sec.

For a mass of 2 times Mg and a distance of 1 million light years the revolution time is 23941 million years and v of Galaxy is 39 km/sec.

Return to PROVE.TXT

9 PSR 1913 + 16

The purpose of this test is to study the binary pulsar PSR 1913 + 16

The mass of the silent companion m0 is 1.442 * M0
The mass of the pulsar (visible) companion is 1.386 * M0
M0 is the mass of the Sun.

For all the simulations it is important first to select test 7 and then to make the modifications in the parameter selection display For all the simulations delta time = 0.02

9.1 TEST 7

The purpose of this test is to show the behaviour of the pulsar with no extra parameters set.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE

Select test 7
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 5 c speed of light = 0 (infinite)
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)

The result of the demonstration shows that the longest distance is 3040000 km and the shortest distance is 760000 km (or 1/4) The eccentricity is 0.6

    angle   revolutions    time          distance              arcsec 
      0          1        26791.24       3040000                1.75            
                 2        53582.46       3040000                 .122            
                 3        80373.7        3040000                -1.20

Values in arcsec are in arcsec per century.

Return to CHAPTER6.TXT

9.2 TEST 7: ANGLE PHI

The purpose of this test is to observe the behaviour of the pulsar for different values of phi i.e. direction of movement of center of gravity of both stars. Speed is constant.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires four times:

Select test 7
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 5 c = 300000000; Set 6 delta time = 0.02 seconds; Set 9 speed of the "Sun"(v) = 1000 km/sec; Set 10 angle phi = 0, 90, 180 and 270; Set 18 initial condition = 1
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 2 revolutions to select ESC.

angle revolutions time distance arcsec 0 3039989 0 1 26791.36 3040038 -939 2 53583.34 3040087 -941 3 80375.90 3040136 -942

angle revolutions time distance arcsec 0 3040000 90 1 26791.5 3040047 -5.576 2 53583.6 3040095 2.105 3 80376.3 3040142 6.06

angle revolutions time distance arcsec 0 3040010 180 1 26791.7 3040058 931.8 2 53584. 3040107 926.9 3 80376.88 3040156 948.91

angle revolutions time distance arcsec 0 3040000 270 1 26791.58 3040049 -17.15 2 53583.72 3040099 -9.40

Return to CHAPTER6.TXT

9.3 TEST 7: SPEED V

The purpose of this test is to observe the behaviour of the pulsar for different values of v i.e. speed of center of gravity of both stars. Direction (angle phi) is constant.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires four times:

Select test 7
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 5 c = 3000.00000; Set 6 delta time = 0.02 seconds; Set 9 speed of the Sun (v) = 100 km/sec; Set 10 angle phi = 180; Set 18 initial condition = 1
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 2 revolutions to select ESC.

v revolutions time distance arcsec 0 3040001 100 1 26791.54 3040049 86.38 2 53583.7 3040098 88.92

v revolutions time distance arcsec 0 3040001 10 1 26791.54 3040048 10.01 2 53583.66 3040097 6.57 3 80376.40 3040146 6.10

v,phi revolutions time distance arcsec 0 3040000 0 1 26791.54 3040048 .756 2 53583.66 3040097 -2.09 3 80376.4 3040146 -3.25

Return to CHAPTER6.TXT

9.4 TEST 7: SPEED OF GRAVITY PROPAGATION

The purpose of this test is to observe the behaviour of the pulsar for different values of c i.e. speed of gravity propagation.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
This test requires four times:

Select test 7
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 5 c = 3000.00000, 300.00000, 30.00000, 3.000000; Set 6 delta time = 0.02 seconds; Set 9 speed of the Sun (v) = 1000 km/sec; Set 10 angle phi = 180; Set 18 initial condition = 1
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After 2 revolutions to select ESC.

c revolutions time distance degrees arcsec 0 3040010 3000.00000 1 26791.7 3040058 931.8 2 53584. 3040107 926.9 3 80376.88 3040156 948.91

c revolutions time distance arcsec 0 3040101 300.00000 1 26795.88 3040588 9339

c revolutions time distance degrees arcsec 0 3041013 30.00000 1 26837.74 3045890 .26692 96092.55 2 53585.64 3050772 .26673 96024.768

c revolutions time distance degrees arcsec 0 3050133 3.00000 1 26791.7 3099115 3.48 1224172 2 53584. 3148693 3.48 1217798

Values in arcsec are in arcsec per century. Values in degrees are in degrees per year.

Return to CHAPTER6.TXT

9.5 TEST 7: MASS

The purpose of this test is to show the behaviour of the pulsar when the mass of the pulsar m1 is modified.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE
From the Test Selection Display

Select test 7
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 5 c speed of light = 0 (infinite); Set 20 delta mass as indicated
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)

After S = set factor m0 as indicated.

set factor m0 as indicated.

m0 = 1 means: mass of m0 is increased each second with delta mass (times 1)
m0 = 0 means: mass of m0 does not change
m0 = -1 means: mass of m0 is decreased each second with delta mass (times -1)
The same for m1

Following are the results when m1 is modified:

mass m0 m1 revolutions time distance arcsec 1D+22 0 1 0 3040000 1 26789.96 3039856 35.39 2 53577.38 3039712 33.64 3 80362.28 3039568 33.42

mass m0 m1 revolutions time distance arcsec 1D+23 0 1 0 3040000 1 3038561 3469.18

mass m0 m1 revolutions time distance arcsec -1D+23 0 1 1 26803.94 3041441 3475.99 2 53633.32 3042885 3475.29

Following are the results when m0 is modified:

mass m0 m1 revolutions time distance arcsec 1D+22 1 0 0 3040000 1 26789.96 3039856 35.75

mass m0 m1 revolutions time distance arcsec -1D+22 1 0 0 3040000 1 26792.5 3040144 35.84

Following are the results when both m0 and m1 are modified:

mass    m0    m1  revolutions    time          distance           arcsec 
1D+22    1     1       0                       3040000
                       1        26788.7        3039712           139.67            
                       2        53572.32       3039424           138.07

Following are the results when both m0 and m1 are modified. Total change in mass is zero.

mass m0 m1 revolutions time distance arcsec 1D+22 1 -1 4 3039999

mass m0 m1 revolutions time distance arcsec 1D+22 -1 1 7 3039999

Return to CHAPTER6.TXT

9.6 TEST 7: OBLATENESS

The purpose of this test is to show the behaviour of the pulsar for different values of oblateness

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE

Select test 7
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 5 c speed of light = 0 (infinite); Set 17 oblateness as indicated
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)

oblateness revolutions time distance degrees arcsec 0.001 1 3040000 12.14 4373226

revolutions time distance degrees arcsec 0.01 1 3040000 121.68 43805519

revolutions time distance degrees arcsec 0.1 1 3040000 1237.616 445541889

Values in arcsec are in arcsec per century. Values in degrees are in degrees per year.

Return to CHAPTER6.TXT

9.7 TEST 7: VIRTUAL PLANET

The purpose of this test is to show the behaviour of the pulsar when a virtual planet is included.

Now perform the program: MERCURY.EXE

Select test 7
From the Parameter Selection Display: Set 5 c speed of light = 0; Set 16 virtual planet condition = 3
From the Test Selection Display: Select S (Start)
After Start enter the mass multiplication factor as indicated

mass mull revolutions time distance arcsec 1 1 26791.24 3040000 3.63 2 53582.46 3040000 1.23 3 80373.7 3040000 0.96

mass mull revolutions time distance arcsec 10 1 26791.24 3040000 17.787 2 53582.46 3040000 16.526 mass mull revolutions time distance arcsec 100 1 26791.24 3040000 164.86 2 53582.46 3040000 164.09

Return to CHAPTER6.TXT

10 OPERATION

In order to simulate the different conditions the parameter selection display is used

10.1 PARAMETER SELECTION DISPLAY

From the Parameter Selection Display the following parameters can be changed:

0 = Select test display

1 = Set standard parameters.

2 = Screen mode. Valid values are 7,8,9 and 12. Standard value = 9 3 = Directory name. Standard name is C:\NOW\FIG

4 = Wait time in second. Physical wait time between each simulation cycle. Standard value = 0

5 = Speed of light. Standard value is 300000

6 = Delta time in seconds between each calculation cycle. Standard value is 100

7 = Initial distance between two objects in km.

8 = Eccentricity of Mercury. Standard value = 0.206 9 = Speed of Sun. Standard value = 0

10 = Angle Phi of Sun in degrees. Standard value = 0

11 = Initial angle of planet in degrees. Standard value = 0

12 = Display condition. -1 means once each revolution of Mercury x means after each x calculation cycles

13 = Save condition 0 means no file save 1 means file save of results

14 = End Condition -1 no end x means after x revolutions of Mercury

15 = Sub Test. Sub test are used to select a specific command file 0 = no sub test 1 = phi goes from 0 to 360. c = 300000 . VPC = 0 2 = phi goes from 0 to 360. c = 30000 . VPC = 0 5 = Full revolution test with c = 6000000 , delta t = 400 6 = Full revolution test with c = 12000000 , delta t = 100 7 = Full revolution test with c = 300000 , delta t = 400 8 = Full revolution test with c = 300000 , delta t = 100

16 = Virtual Planets Condition (VPC) 0 = no special condition with Mercury simulation 1 = Mercury simulation with virtual planet for Venus 2 = Mercury simulation with virtual planet for Venus and Earth 3 = Mercury simulation with virtual planet for all planets

17 = Oblateness of Sun. Standard value = 0

18 = Initial condition. Standard value = 1 0 = no initial condition calculation 1 = initial condition calculation type 1

19 = # of calculation cycles saved. Standard value = 0 0 = No calculation values saved.

20 = increase in delta mass per second